Ten
ESSENTIAL UNIX Commands
These are ten commands that you really need to know in order
to get started with UNIX. They are probably similar to commands you already
know for another operating system.
Command
|
Example
|
Description
|
1. ls
|
ls
ls -alF |
Lists files in current directory
List in long format |
2. cd
|
cd tempdir
cd .. cd ~dhyatt/web-docs |
Change directory to tempdir
Move back one directory Move into dhyatt's web-docs directory |
3. mkdir
|
mkdir graphics
|
Make a directory called graphics
|
4. rmdir
|
rmdir emptydir
|
Remove directory (must be empty)
|
5. cp
|
cp file1 web-docs
cp file1 file1.bak |
Copy file into directory
Make backup of file1 |
6. rm
|
rm file1.bak
rm *.tmp |
Remove or delete file
Remove all file |
7. mv
|
mv old.html new.html
|
Move or rename files
|
8. more
|
more index.html
|
Look at file, one page at a time
|
9. lpr
|
lpr index.html
|
Send file to printer
|
10. man
|
man ls
|
Online manual (help) about command
|
Ten
VALUABLE UNIX Commands
Once you have mastered the basic UNIX commands, these will
be quite valuable in managing your own account.
Command
|
Example
|
Description
|
1. grep
<str><files>
|
grep "bad word" *
|
Find which files contain a certain
word
|
2. chmod
<opt> <file>
|
chmod 644 *.html
chmod 755 file.exe |
Change file permissions read only
Change file permissions to executable |
3. passwd
|
passwd
|
Change passwd
|
4. ps <opt>
|
ps aux
ps aux | grep dhyatt |
List all running processes by #ID
List process #ID's running by dhyatt |
5. kill
<opt> <ID>
|
kill -9 8453
|
Kill process with ID #8453
|
6. gcc (g++)
<source>
|
gcc file.c -o file
g++ fil2.cpp -o fil2 |
Compile a program written in C
Compile a program written in C++ |
7. gzip
<file>
|
gzip bigfile
gunzip bigfile.gz |
Compress file
Uncompress file |
8. mail
(pine) |
mail me@tjhsst.edu <
file1
pine |
Send file1 by email to someone
Read mail using pine |
9. telnet
<host>
ssh <host> |
telnet vortex.tjhsst.edu
ssh -l dhyatt jazz.tjhsst.edu |
Open a connection to vortex
Open a secure connection to jazz as user dhyatt |
10. ftp <host>
ncftp <host/directory> |
ftp station1.tjhsst.edu
ncftp metalab.unc.edu |
Upload or Download files to
station1
Connect to archives at UNC |
Ten
FUN UNIX Commands
These are ten commands that you might find interesting or
amusing. They are actually quite helpful at times, and should not be considered
idle entertainment.
Command
|
Example
|
Description
|
1. who
|
who
|
Lists who is logged on your
machine
|
2. finger
|
finger
|
Lists who is on computers in the
lab
|
3. ytalk
<user@place>
|
ytalk dhyatt@threat
|
Talk online with dhyatt who is on
threat
|
4. history
|
history
|
Lists commands you've done
recently
|
5. fortune
|
fortune
|
Print random humerous message
|
6. date
|
date
|
Print out current date
|
7. cal <mo>
<yr>
|
cal 9 2000
|
Print calendar for September 2000
|
8. xeyes
|
xeyes &
|
Keep track of cursor (in
"background")
|
9. xcalc
|
xcalc &
|
Calculator ("background"
process)
|
10. mpage <opt>
<file>
|
mpage -8 file1 |
lpr
|
Print 8 pages on a single sheet
and send to printer (the font will be small!)
|
Ten
HELPFUL UNIX Commands
These ten commands are very helpful, especially with
graphics and word processing type applications.
Command
|
Example
|
Description
|
1. netscape
|
netscape &
|
Run Netscape browser
|
2. xv
|
xv &
|
Run graphics file converter
|
3. xfig / xpaint
|
xfig & (xpaint &)
|
Run drawing program
|
4. gimp
|
gimp &
|
Run photoshop type program
|
5. ispell <fname>
|
ispell file1
|
Spell check file1
|
6. latex
<fname>
|
latex file.tex
|
Run LaTeX, a scientific document
tool
|
7. xemacs / pico
|
xemacs (or pico)
|
Different editors
|
8. soffice
|
soffice &
|
Run StarOffice, a full word
processor
|
9. m-tools (mdir,
mcopy,
mdel, mformat, etc. ) |
mdir a:
mcopy file1 a: |
DOS commands from UNIX (dir A:)
Copy file1 to A: |
10. gnuplot
|
gnuplot
|
Plot data graphically
|
Ten
USEFUL UNIX Commands:
These ten commands are useful for monitoring system access,
or simplifying your own environment.
Command
|
Example
|
Description
|
1. df
|
df
|
See how much free disk space
|
2. du
|
du -b subdir
|
Estimate disk usage of directory
in Bytes
|
3. alias
|
alias lls="ls -alF"
|
Create new command "lls"
for long format of ls
|
4. xhost
|
xhost + threat.tjhsst.edu
xhost - |
Permit window to display from
x-window program from threat
Allow no x-window access from other systems |
5. fold
|
fold -s file1 |
lpr
|
Fold or break long lines at 60
characters and send to printer
|
6. tar
|
tar -cf subdir.tar subdir
tar -xvf subdir.tar |
Create an archive called
subdir.tar of a directory
Extract files from an archive file |
7. ghostview (gv)
|
gv filename.ps
|
View a Postscript file
|
8. ping
(traceroute) |
ping threat.tjhsst.edu
traceroute www.yahoo.com |
See if machine is alive
Print data path to a machine |
9. top
|
top
|
Print system usage and top
resource hogs
|
10. logout (exit)
|
logout or exit
|
How to quit a UNIX shell.
|
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